Cinema and analogous projection apparatus



M. DELUME.

clNEMA AND ANALoGous PROJECTION APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED .IAN-21,1919.

l n II lll M. UELUME.

CINEMA AND ANALOGOUS PROJECTION APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED IAN. 21. 1919.

1,417,807, Patented May 30, 192,2:v

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

UNITED STATES 1 PATENT OFFICE.

HABGEL DELUM'E, 0F PARIS, FRANCE, ASSIGNR TO SOCIT DEXPLOITATION DES BREYETS DUPUIS, 0F PARIS, FRANCE.

AND ANALOGOUS PROJECTION APPARATUS.

T o all whom t may concern Be it known that I, MAROELDELUME,

citizen of the Republic of France, and resident of 20 Rue Orfila, Paris, in the said Reublic, have invented certain new and useful mprovements-in Cinema and Analogous Projection Apparatus; and I do hereby de-4 ings, and to 'letters or figures of reference` marked thereon, which form a part of this specification. j

This invention comprises improvements in cinema and analogous projection apparatus and relates to an arrangement for the registration or framing of the ima e in such projectors, the improvements being applicableV to projection apparatus in which the optical axis is fixed that is to say, in which the source of light, the condenser, 'the gate and the objective occup positions which are always situated strict y along the same axis.

In most of the projectors now in use, the registration' of the imagel upon the screen is obtained by the simultaneous displacement of the gate and of the objective parallel with the path of the ilm. In such cases, the source of light and the condenserbeing fixed, it is evident that the light instead of being concentrated only upon the image, it is dispersed over an appreciably larger surface in orderv that the image lmay retain its brightness in spite of the displace ments. This results in greater expense for lightin besides the inconvenience resulting from t e displacement of the projection on the screen. j -f `Some arrangements permit of obviating these drawbacks. In certain apparatus, the lantern carrying the source of light and the condenser are moved in company with the -gate and the objective. This arrangement,

while permitting of preserving a straight line optical axis retains the drawback consisting in the disagreeable displacement of the image on the screen. It involves, more-A over, considerable complication. In more elaborate arrangements the greater partof the driving mechanism, comprising the Geneva ar, the sprocket drum, the vdriving sha t and the obturatOr, ris displaced parallel to thepath of the film, that is to i Specification of Letters atent.

PatentedMay 30,1922.,

applicaties sied Januaryzi, 1919., semi No. avaaoe.' 'i

` say vertically. Whilev this arrangement gives the desired result, it necessitates the mounting of all of the mechanism in ques- 'tion upon a slider which must be adjusted pn .the `apparatus and the weight of which is equilibrated by a spring. This results in va veryycostly construction and, moreover,

having regard to the, fact that the vertical type of apparatus is practically the only one in use, the slightest play or movement ofthe slider due to vibrationsresults in displacements of the image duringthe running of the projector. Finally, in apparatus driven by a motor, as the driving shaft is subjected to van appreciable displacement itis impossible to arrange the motor in any position Whatever, owing to the great variations in the length of the driving belt which are required according to the arrangement in question. There are yet other arrangements which have'been suggested but these are not steady enough to permit of their practicability.

The arrangement inaccordance with the present invention possesses none of the draw-I backs. above described and at the same time permits of preserving a ystrictlyfixed optical axis.

The casing of the Geneva gear mechanism is of cylindrical shape and isiadjustably mounted in the frame by means of a frictional mounting. For example, it is held or gripped by three sectors fixed upon the frame and these sectors simply hold the casing in place while permitting it to rotate about its axis.

The rotation of the casing is ei'ected by means of 'a pinion meshing with a sector fixed or formed on-the-'Geneva gear casing, the teeth of the sector being preferably formed on the interior of the sector in order that the movement lof the hand operating the pinion may be in the same direction as the displacement of the image, so thaithe operator runs no risk of making an error in iioo j j the direction of movement which will result from the turning of say, a knurled knob ixed on the extremity ofthe spindle of the pinion.

The spindle 'aforesaid is supported in twoV be turned by hand, the. casing will be turnedv around .its axis. The Geneva gear which is mounted- -in the drum eccentricallyto the able loss of light.

ing of the obturator is effected by means of axis of the driving shalt is carried round hy the drum as also is the sprocket drum which feeds the lilin and which is mounted on the same spindle as the Geneva gear. Conso` quently the film will he displaced in one direction. or the other according to the direc` tion of the movement oit adjustment. lt is possible, therefore, to accurately register the image on the axis of the gate without dis.` placement of any of the parts on the driving shaft.

The displacement ot the Geneva gear around the airis ofi the driving sha'jt has the effect of advancing or retarding the moment at Which a striker or finger lined upon the driving plate engages in one ot the grooves of the Geneva gear. The result im therefore, that the displacement et tue lihn is also advancd or retarded. (onsefpiently7 it the ohturator Were in relatively invariable position, the obturation would commence too soon or too late in relation to the. displace* ment olthe image. (lr it would be necessary for the obturation to last tor a longer period/and this' -would occasion an appreci- To avoid this, the drivhelical gears the teeth of which are set :it The helical pinion on the driving shai't is fixed to shaft but 'the helical pinion on the obnrator sha-tt is arranged. so that, while it must turn can be shifted along the same. `For shitting the pinion, a collar is provided thereon and is secured to a slider movahle in two guides. The moving ol this slider is et 'ected by a finger lined on the cover or `the casing of the Geneva gear mechanism. This finger could he replaced by a toothed pinion of the same eliective diameter as the helical pinions, in which case the slider would be formed with rack teeth.

l It will, therefore, be understood that unf der these conditions, 'the casing be turned through a certain angle.l so thatthe Geneva gear is carried around tl'ie anis ot the driving shaft, the helical pinion mounted on the ohturator spindle will he shifted along that spindle; owing to the 'teeth being inclinedat 45, the shitting of the pinion brings about a turning movement thereot 'through an angle equal to the angle through which the casing is turned, and the ohturator is therefore turned` through the same angle. Consequently the obturation Will always take place at the desired moment in relation tothe feeding of the nlm. c

The accompanying drawings illustrate a cinema projector comprising a Geneva gear mechanism, the said projector heing litted with the present improvements.

Figure 1 is a side elevation olf the appa-- ratus, the cover of the casing or the Geneva gear mechanism and 'other parts 1seing partivally removed for salire of clearness.

with its shalt, it`

intruso? lligure 2 is a front elevation, partly in section, the plane of the section passing through the axis of the driving shaft.

Figure 3 is a horizontal section showing the details ol the arrangement `which serves for giving the ohturator the same angular displacement as the casing of the Maltese cross mechanism.

The apparatus consists oit a 'framing 1 in which the casing 2 ot' the Geneva gear mechanism is trictionally held so to be adjustable circularii, 'the holding means cousisting of three sectors 3. The plate 4 serving to drive the I@teneva gear 5 is mounted upon the driving shaft 6 carrying the ilyivheel if", and this shaft turns in a hearing upon the Wall of the casing 2 and in a support 8 mounted on the framing 1. As usual this plate i carries a striker 49 which comes into engagement With the grooves 9 of the Geneva, gear 'for revolving the latter. The shaft 6 is geared with the shaft 10 by pin- .ions 152 and 13, and the shaft 10 is fitted with a crank handle 11.

The gate 1e, the objective 15 and the obturator 1-5 are iixedly situated along the same axis as the condenser, through the medium oit' Which the source of light illuminates the image. y 'Liivobearings 17 formed upon the gate 14 carry a shaft 18 terminated by a knurled knob 19 for turning the shaft 18 by hand. llpon the shalt 18 is lreyed a pinion 20 which meshes withy teeth formed upon the interior oi" a sector 21 ixed upon the casing 2 ot the Geneva gear mechanism. By turning the pinion 20 to any desired extent,

there is imparted to the Geneva gear 5 and to the sprocket drum 2Q on the same spindle 'a circular' movement of translation Which brings about a. raising or lowering. ot' the film' in such manner as to effect accurate framing or registration.

rlfhe mechanism for producing a correspondinpn adjustment ot the angular position ot the obturator will now be described. The shaft Q3 upon "which is keyed the obturator 1G is driven 'from the sha'tt 6 through the medium ol3 tWo pinions 25 and 26 having spiral or helical teeth, the said teeth having an inclination of 450. The pinion Q6 lis mounted upon the shaft of the obtura'tor so that, While it must turn therewith, the said pinion 26 is capable of being shifted along such shaft. The pinion 26 is formed With a grooved part or extension which is yengaged by a collar or ring 27 secured to a rule or slider 28 movable in two guides. it linger or projection 29 carried by the cover of the casing 2 of the Geneva gear mechanism is engaged in a notch in the slider E28 and Iproduces a movement of the latter to the right or the left according to Whether the casing 2 be turned in one direction or the other. As the teeth of the pinions 25 and 26 are inclined at 45, the longitudinal displacement of the slider 28 and of the pinion 26 produces a turning movement of the pinion 26 and therefore the shaft 4of the obturator is turned through an angle precisely equal to the an le through which the casing 2 is turned. t follows that the obturation will always take place at the desired moment in relation to the displacement of the image or film, as has already been said. c

A shutter 30 is placed in front of the gate 14 and is automatically operated when the speed is sufiicient for opening'the gate and is closed When the speeddiminishes t0 such an extent that thereJ may be a danger of fire.

F or producing these opening and closing movements, a disc 31 is keyed upon the shaft 6, and upon one of its faces, ,near to the periphery, are mounted two weights 32 which can pivot freely about pivots'at one of their extremities. Each of these weights is fitted with a friction surface of leather or analogous material, so thatwhen the centrifugal force causes the Weights to iy outwards, the said surfaces come against the inner periphery of a drum 33 freely mounted on the shaft 6 and frictionally turn the said drum. Al crank pin or the like carried b the drum is connected by a rod 24 to a cran arm fixed on the pivotal axis of the shutter 30. Therefore, when the speed of the shaft 6 is sufiicient, the weights 32 are flung outwards by the centrifugal force against the drum 33 and turn it, so causin the shutter to pivot in the directionI or opening. When the speed diminishes below a predetermined limit, the weights fail to turn the drum 33 and the shutter falls to the closed position under itsown weight. p

This movable shutter and its operating mechanism do not constitute part ofA the present invention. The same may be said of other parts of the apparatus which will be hereinafter described, the same being alluded to simply for the purpose ofgiving' a comprehensive description of the machine shown in the drawings.

The upper sprocket drum 34 is keyed to a shaft 35 and the lower sprocket drum 36 is keyed to the shaft 10. These drums are driven by means of bevel pinions 37 and 39 on their shafts earing with similar pinions 38 and 4() fixed u on a vertical shaft 41 revolvin in an upper earing 42 and in a sleeve 43 Xed .to the support 8. At the lower extremity 0f the shaft 41 is pinned a coupling sleeve 44 in which is secured by a pin 44EL the eXtreme end of a lshaft 45 forming a prolongation of the shaft 41. Shaft 45 drives through bevel gearing the spindle of the winding spool, but as this winding spool presents no novel characteristic no more need be said about it except that its spindle is mounted in a support 46 fixed to the framing.

Another support 47 carries the spindle of the upper spool Which also possesses no particular characteristic and this support may swing around the shaft 35 in order to facilitate the packing of the apparatus and make it less cumbrous.

48 is the orifice through which the lubrieatin oil is introduced into the casing 2 of the altesecross mechanism.

I claim- 1. A framing mechanism for moving picture machines comprising a driving shaft, a casing adjustable around said shaft, film driving mechanism in said casing adjustable by the adjustment of said casing to adjust the framing, a lhelical geark on said shaft, an obturator shaft, a helical gear on `the obturator shaft engaging the first mentioned gear, and means on said casing to Vadjust the obturator shaft and its helical gear relatively to the gear on the driving shaft, whereby the obturator and framing adjustments are simultaneously effected.

v 2. An arrangement; for framing the image in cinema and analogous projectors comprising a drivingl shaft, a casing and a film driving mechanism therein, in combination with automatic obturator regulating mechanism comprising a pinion having spiral or helical teeth inclined at 45 keyed upon the driving shaft of the apparatus, an obturator and its spindle, a similar pinion keyed upon the obturator spindle but slidable thereon longitudinally, a collar engaging the latter pinion, a slider t0 which/the collar isfixed, and means actuated by the movement of casing for displacing said slider to the right or to the left whereby the framing is effected.

3. In framing mechanism for cinema projection apparatus, a housing, a casing rotatable therein, a driving shaft enterin said casing, a Geneva gear 1n said casing riven by said shaft, a rotatable obturator, an obturator shaft, a helical pinion slidable on said shaft, a helical gear on the driving shaft and meshing with said pinion, a collar engaging the sliding pinion, a slider fixed to said collar, means on said casing to shift said sliderand thereby the collar and pinion, and means to turn the casing for framing.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention, I have si ed my name.

MARCEL DELUME. 

